Feminisation of Terrorism: Legal and Policy Implications for Sustainable Development

Fadeke Esther Owolabi(1), Idongesit Daniel Ekong(2),


(1) Covenant University
(2) Covenant University
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34007/jlpr.v3i2.1020

Keywords


Feminisation; Radicalisation; Violent Extremism; Sustainable Development; Terrorism

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abasilim, U. D., Adelusi, O. & Mudau, T. J. (2025). Nigeria’s National Development Plans: Contemporary Challenges and Strategic Opportunities. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 15(1), 141-152.

Abasilim U. D., Ochapa, E. E., Udoh, O. D. & Mudau, T. J. (2025). Mainstream Vs Alternative Media: Shaping Public Perception of Gender-Based Violence through African Solidarity. African Renaissance, Special Issue (July), 97- 123.

Abasilim, U. D. & Oparah, A. C. O. (2025). Human Capital Development and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: Unravelling the Nexus. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik dan Pemerintahan (JIAAP), 4(2): 153-163.

Abdulkarim, Z. (2025). The Experiences of Women in Conflict Situations and Crises: A Glimpse into Edify Yakusak’s After They Left and Helon Habila’s Chibok Girls: The Boko Haram Kidnappings and the Islamist Militancy in Nigeria. KIU Interdisciplinary Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(1), 39-54.

Achilli, L. (2025). Boko Haram’s ‘playground’: Exploring the role of fun among children associated with armed groups in Nigeria. War & Society, 44(1), 95-112.

Ajodo-Adebanjoko, A. (2025). Defying Victimhood: Women’s Informal Efforts in Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism in Northeastern Nigeria. Journal of Living Together, 10(2), 89-105.

Akinbi, I. J., & Oluwole, L. (2025). Peace-informed development planning: Aligning human security, infrastructure investment, and conflict sensitivity in fragile states post-conflict societies. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 15(02), 676-694.

Allison, R. (2004). Blair pledges to continue fight against terrorism. The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/mar/12/ september11.spain. Accessed 20th December 2025.

Asal, V., & Jadoon, A. (2020). When women fight: unemployment, territorial control and the prevalence of female combatants in insurgent organizations. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 13(3), 258-281.

Ashraf, M. (2024). Women Involvement in Terrorism: Influencing Factors and Prevention Approaches. Institute Of Regional Studies, Islamabad, 42(1), 64-95.

Attah, C. E. (2025). Rejection, Re-victimization and Human Rights Violations of Female Survivors of Boko Haram’s Sexual Violence in Nigeria: Legal Analysis. Journal of African Law, 1-19.

Berebon, C. (2025). The nexus between security, human development, and economic stability: Addressing insecurity as a threat to national growth in Nigeria. Advances in Law, Pedagogy, and Multidisciplinary Humanities, 3(1), 28-47.

Choi, S. W. (2025). Women Suicide Terrorism: The Strategic and Tactical Logic of Civilian Killings. International Interactions, 51(3), 455-486.

David, D. I. (2025). Violent Extremism and the Push and Pull Factors of Youth Radicalization in Northeast Nigeria. Journal of Developing Societies, 41(4), 465-492.

Demir, V. M. (2025). The Philosophical Bottleneck of the Sustainable Development Ideal: The Problem of Future Generations. İçtimaiyat, 9(2), 1050-1063.

Efebeh, V. E., & Johnson, M. O. (2023). The economic implications of terrorism in developing countries: Nigeria in focus. International Journal of Public Administration Studies, 3(2), 52-58.

Esholdt, H. F., & Nilsson, M. (2025). Hardship is Part of Jihad: ISIS-Affiliated Women in the Al-Hol Camp Dealing with Military Defeat Through Social Media “Prison Writings”. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1-38.

Galehan, J. N. (2023). Gender and the Strategic and Tactical Logic of Boko Haram’s Suicide Bombers. Women & criminal justice, 33(2), 131-149.

Gasztold, A. (2020). Feminist perspectives on terrorism. New York: Springer International Publishing.

Gray, C. (2024). Counterterrorism Strategies in the Age of Global Insurgency. International Journal for Conventional and Non-Conventional Warfare, 1(1), 56-64.

Gurr, T. R. (2015). Why men rebel. Routledge.

Hugman, B. (2025). Risk Perception and Communication in the Developing World. In Special Issues in Pharmacovigilance in Resource-Limited Countries (pp. 249-323). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

Ibekwe, E. O. (2025). Role Of Credible Intelligence in Enhancing Internal Security Operations in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis. African Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 15(4), 1933-1953.

Ibietan, J., Abasilim, U. & Ebhohimen, D. (2016). The Nigerian State, Security and Boko Haram (2010-2015): An Evaluation. Acta Universitatis Danubius–Administratio, 8(2), 103-116

Ike, T. J., Antonopoulos, G. A., & Singh, D. (2025). Community perspectives of terrorism and the Nigerian government’s counterterrorism strategies: A systematic review. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 25(2), 285-314.

Jones, B., Morris, R., Cherif, K., Tonui, F. C., Nashiba, N., Oliveira, M., & Worth, D. (2025). Inclusive peace for social development: Priority areas for the Second World Summit for Social Development (No. 2025-03). UNRISD Working Paper.

Joshanloo, M. (2025). Who Considers Terrorism Justifiable? A Machine Learning Analysis Across 65 Countries. Aggressive Behavior, 51(5), e70049.

Lepskiy, M., & Lepska, N. (2025). The phenomenon of the terrorist state in contemporary geopolitics: Attributive, static, and dynamic characteristics. American Behavioral Scientist, 69(11), 1353-1377.

Lofane, P. N. (2025). African Union Strategic Response Against Terrorism in Africa: The Case of Somalia. The Thinker, 105(4), 82-93.

Montasari, R. (2024). Understanding and Assessing the Role of Women in Terrorism. In Cyberspace, Cyberterrorism and the International Security in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Threats, Assessment and Responses (pp. 51-61). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Nwangwu, C., & Ezeibe, C. (2019). Femininity is not inferiority: women-led civil society organizations and “countering violent extremism” in Nigeria. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 21(2), 168-193.

Nwangwu, C., Onuoha, F. C., Ezirim, G. E., & Iwuamadi, K. C. (2021). Women, intelligence gathering and countering violent extremism in Nigeria: A postcolonial feminist discourse. Democracy and Security, 17(3), 278-295.

Ogungbade, G. O., Folarin, S. F., Duruji, M. M., & Abasilim, U. D. (2024). The Operations of International Oil Corporation and Women's Livelihood Challenges in Ogulagha Island of Delta State, Nigeria. Migration Letters, 21(1), 842-851.

Onat, I., Basibuyuk, O., Bal, M., Duru, H., & Akyuz, K. (2025). Group-motivated and periodic fire setting for terrorism in urban landscapes: An analysis in time and space. Journal of Applied Security Research, 20(3), 436-459.

Onyenwe, I. (2025). Consequences of Boko Haram Insurgency on Language Learning and Intergenerational Transmission. Abuja Journal of Humanities, 6(1), 228-239.

Phelan, A. (Ed.). (2020). Terrorism, gender and women: Toward an integrated research agenda. Routledge.

Prabhakar, A. (2025). A Sustainable and Inclusive Economic Development: A Global Imperative: A Global Imperative. Journal of Recycling Economy & Sustainability Policy, 4(1), 1-16.

Raveendran, J. (2025). Black Widow and Black Tigress: Understanding the Female Suicide Attackers from Russia and Sri Lanka. Journal of Strategic Security, 18(3), 345-371.

Roberts, F.O.N., Oladeji, A., Abasilim, U.D., Akpan, U.U., Oyekanmi, O., Omotayo, J.O. & Ijaiya, T. (2023). Overcoming the Challenges of Insecurity in Nigeria. In A. T. Simbine & L. N. Chete (Eds.), Best Foot Forward: Agenda for Sustainable Development in Nigeria. Pp. 210 – 228. Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, Ibadan

Ryckman, K. C., & Henshaw, A. L. (2025). Women without a tactical advantage: Boko Haram's female suicide bombers. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 07388942241305235.

Sjoberg, L. (2024). Violences of/in critical terrorism studies. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 17(4), 878-902.

Sjoberg, L., & Gentry, C. E. (2007). Mothers, monsters, whores: women's violence in global politics. Zed Books.

Soules, M. J. (2022). The tradeoffs of using female suicide bombers. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 39(1), 3-23.

Syahputra, A. R., & Hamid, S. (2024). Contemporary Perspective on Terrorism: A Literature Review. JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 9(1), 347-366.

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Brooks/Cole.

Tickner, J. A. (1992). Gender in international relations: Feminist perspectives on achieving global security. Columbia University Press.

Valeri, R., & Minteh, B. (2025). Definitions and Theories of Terrorism. In The New Phase of Global Terrorism (pp. 25-42). Routledge.

Zamir, M., & Kaunert, C. (2025). Radicalisation and Counter-Terrorism—Reviewing the Problems in Strategic Communications Role in Counter-Terrorism. In Strategic Communications' Role in Counter-Terrorism: The Power of Counter-Narratives (pp. 11-63). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.34007/jlpr.v3i2.1020

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 22 times
PDF - 7 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law & Policy Review

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Journal of Law & Policy Review

Publisher: Mahesa Research Center

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License